Regioselective Simmons–Smith-type cyclopropanations of polyalkenes enabled by transition metal catalysis

摘要

A [ ~( i ?Pr) PDI]CoBr _(2) complex (PDI = pyridine-diimine) catalyzes Simmons–Smith-type reductive cyclopropanation reactions using CH _(2) Br _(2) in combination with Zn. In contrast to its non-catalytic variant, the cobalt-catalyzed cyclopropanation is capable of discriminating between alkenes of similar electronic properties based on their substitution patterns: monosubstituted > 1,1-disubstituted > ( Z )-1,2-disubstituted > ( E )-1,2-disubstituted > trisubstituted. This property enables synthetically useful yields to be achieved for the monocyclopropanation of polyalkene substrates, including terpene derivatives and conjugated 1,3-dienes. Mechanistic studies implicate a carbenoid species containing both Co and Zn as the catalytically relevant methylene transfer agent.