Financial literacy has never been more important for practicing surgeons. Billing and reimbursement have become increasingly complex, with both governmental and private payors creating complicated mechanisms of hospital and physician payment. Shifting trends in surgeon employment within medical systems versus private practice are altering traditional income potential and expectations. And, perhaps most concerning, ballooning educational debt (the median indebtedness of graduating medical students rose to $195,000 last year, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges [AAMC]) is now affecting not only specialty and practice choices, but also contributing to the physician burnout epidemic.1
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