Collected papers of the ACS Metabolic Surgery Symposium Part I

摘要

As recently as 50 years ago, surgery was a single craft and branch of knowledge. Most surgeons were general surgeons. With the advent of specialization, two distinct surgical disciplines emerged—those specialties dedicated to an organ or organ system (for example, cardiovascular and colorectal) and those concerned with a specific function or activity (such as trauma, plastic, and reconstructive). Bridging these concepts, metabolic surgery conceptualizes a new scope of practice. As a rule, metabolic surgeons operate on a variety of normal, rather than diseased or malfunctioning, organs to alter the body’s metabolism to benefit the patient. Metabolic surgery, therefore, comprises a variety of operations and the scientific study of their outcomes in order to ameliorate metabolic diseases. The flagship of metabolic surgery today is bariatric surgery; however, metabolic surgery also encompasses operations that control or eliminate diabetes or hypertension and that regulate brain chemistry, and its ramifications are expanding.