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Risk factors and immunological pathways for asthma and other allergic diseases in children: background and methodology of a longitudinal study in a large urban center in Northeastern Brazil (Salvador-SCAALA study)

机译:儿童哮喘和其他过敏性疾病的危险因素和免疫途径:在巴西东北部大型城市中心进行的纵向研究的背景和方法(Salvador-SCAALA研究)

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Background The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has increased in industrialised countries, and it is known that rates vary according whether the area is urban or rural and to socio-economic status. Surveys conducted in some urban settings in Latin America found high prevalence rates, only exceeded by the rates observed in industrialised English-speaking countries. It is likely that the marked changes in the environment, life style and living conditions in Latin America are responsible for these observations. The understanding of the epidemiological and immunological changes that underlie the increase in asthma and allergic diseases in Latin America aimed by SCAALA studies in Brazil and Ecuador will be crucial for the identification of novel preventive interventions. Methods/Design The Salvador-SCAALA project described here is a longitudinal study involving children aged 4–11 years living in the city of Salvador, Northeastern Brazil. Data on asthma and allergic diseases (rhinitis and eczema) and potential risk factors will be collected in successive surveys using standardised questionnaire. This will be completed with data on dust collection (to dust mite and endotoxin), skin test to most common allergens, stool examinations to helminth and parasites, blood samples (to infection, total and specific IgE, and immunological makers), formaldehyde, physical inspection to diagnoses of eczema, and anthropometric measures. Data on earlier exposures when these children were 0–3 years old are available from a different project. Discussion It is expected that knowledge generated may help identify public health interventions that may enable countries in LA to enjoy the benefits of a "modern" lifestyle while avoiding – or minimising – increases in morbidity caused by asthma and allergies.
机译:背景技术在工业化国家中,哮喘和过敏性疾病的患病率有所增加,并且众所周知,其发病率根据该地区是城市还是农村而异,并且取决于社会经济地位。在拉丁美洲一些城市环境中进行的调查发现,该地区的患病率很高,只有工业化英语国家的患病率才超过这一水平。这些观察可能是拉丁美洲环境,生活方式和生活条件的明显变化所致。在巴西和厄瓜多尔进行的SCAALA研究旨在了解拉丁美洲的哮喘和过敏性疾病增加的流行病学和免疫学变化,这对于确定新的预防性干预措施至关重要。方法/设计这里描述的Salvador-SCAALA项目是一项纵向研究,涉及居住在巴西东北部Salvador市的4-11岁儿童。哮喘和过敏性疾病(鼻炎和湿疹)以及潜在危险因素的数据将使用标准化问卷在后续调查中收集。这将通过以下数据完成:灰尘收集(尘螨和内毒素),对最常见过敏原的皮肤测试,对蠕虫和寄生虫的粪便检查,血液样本(针对感染,总和特异性IgE和免疫原性物质),甲醛,物理检查以诊断湿疹和人体测量学措施。这些儿童0–3岁时的早期暴露数据可从其他项目获得。讨论预期产生的知识将有助于识别公共卫生干预措施,从而使洛杉矶国家能够享受“现代”生活方式的好处,同时避免或减少由哮喘和过敏引起的发病率增加。

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