There are many different types of pump design, which fall broadly into two main classes - centrifugal and positive displacement. Centrifugal pumps are most widely used and, although there are many varieties of centrifugal pump, they have a common design principle. Conversely, positive displacement pumps come in a much wider variety of designs. The progressing cavity (PC) pump, which has applications ranging from water to virtually non-flowing media, is proving to be a particularly cost and energy efficient method of pumping across many different sectors. A centrifugal pump comprises two, usually metal, pump elements - a disc shaped hollow pumping chamber and a fan shaped impeller, which spins at high speeds within the chamber, with a narrow clearance at its inner surface.
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