Development of low-cost chitosan derivatives based on marine waste sources as oil adsorptive materials: I. Preparation and characterization

摘要

The present work was undertaken to prepare low-cost oil adsorptive materials based on chitosan and its derivatives. Chitosan was prepared from chitin which firstly extracted from shrimp shells. Nonanyl and aminated chitosan derivatives were also prepared and verified their structures, thermal stability and the morphological changes using FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA/DSC, and SEM respectively. Results showed maximum ion exchange capacity (IEC) value was recorded in case of aminated chitosan (7.6 meq/g), while lower IEC value was obtained for nonanyl chitosan schiffbase (2.5 meq/g). Furthermore, the contact angle data indicates that nonanyl chitosan schiffbase exhibit hydrophobic and oleophilic characters and recorded maximum values at 127 degrees, 36 degrees using water and crude oil droplet. The observed improvement in oil/organic solvent/and water selectivity verified also the chemical medications in addition to the change of the physical properties of chitosan surface. Finally, from the oil adsorption study, it has noticed that the oil adsorption capacity increased from 0.2 g/g in the case of chitosan to 5.1 g/g in the case of nonanyl chitosan schiffbase using heavy crude oil. While, only 9% of water could be uptake by nonanyl chitosan compared to 250.7% and 360% using chitosan and aminated chitosan. The increment of oil adsorption capacity also associated with increasing the oil viscosity in the following order; gas oil < mobil oil < light crude oil < heavy crude oil. The successful modification processes and the cheapness of the prepared materials make them acts as promising adsorbents for oil spill removal technology.