Synthesis of ZnO nano-sono-catalyst for degradation of reactive dye focusing on energy consumption: operational parameters influence, modeling, and optimization

摘要

Simple synthesized Nano-sized ZnO powder in the absence of high-temperature activation treatments was studied to act as sono-catalyst. Effects of six operational parameters such as initial solution pH (pH_0), initial concentration of dye stuff (C_0), additional dose of nano-sized ZnO powder (D_(SC)), ultrasound (US) irradiation frequency (Fr_(SC)), US irradiation power (P_(SC)), and treatment time (t_(SC)) were examined. Synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Red 198 (RR198) was used as the sample model. Combined design of experiments was done and experiments were conducted according to protocols. The experimental data were collected in a laboratory-scaled batch reactor equipped with ultrasonic bath cleaner as the ultrasonic source. The measured CR% ranging from 0.8 to 100 and EnC (wh) from 0.3 to 13.6 gained under given conditions. The data used for modeling were used in two more common models in this type of studies: Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN models obviously outperformed MLR models. Finally, Multi-objective optimization of CR% and EnC was carried out using genetic algorithm (GA) over the outperformed ANN models. The optimization procedure causes non-dominated optimal points which give an insight of the optimal operating conditions.