The TKS liquid transpiration ice protection system, designed and manufactured exclusively by CAV, exudes freezing point depressant liquid through porous titanium panels built into the leading edges of aerofoils. Other parts - such as lift struts, landing gear legs, antennae, etc. - can also be protected and, using the same fluid, the system can be extended to protect propeller blades and transparencies, such as the windshield in the case of manned aircraft or for windows of vision systems.
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