Adhesion to Zirconium Dioxide Used for Dental Reconstructions: Surface Conditioning Concepts, Challenges, and Future Prospects

摘要

Yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide, a commonly used material in conjunction with CAD/CAM technologies in dentistry, is an oxide ceramic that does not comprise the silicon dioxide (SiO2) phase in its microstructure. Since it is challenging to create durable adhesion between resin cements and this kind of non-etchable ceramic, efforts have been made to develop innovative surface conditioning methods over the years. While some chemical methods based on using adhesion promoters only did not perform stable adhesion, others utilizing physico-chemical conditioning methods provided better adhesion where the latter is also being questioned on impairing mechanical stability of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) due to t → m phase transformation. This review will highlight current surface conditioning concepts to achieve best adhesion to zirconium dioxide and challenges related to conditioning methods or resin-based luting cements, and contemplate on future prospects.