Steganography is the art of hiding extraneous information within data. With the explosion of piracy, content providers look at techniques such as digital watermarking as a way to protect their intellectual property (IP) rights by tagging works with presumably user-invisible copyright information that can later be used to prosecute pirates. For audio files, quite often represented via the ubiquitous, frequency-based MP3 compression scheme, an approach already tested by the authors was to store the watermarking bits in the audio spectrum, obtained via a discrete cosine transform (DCT). A trained neural network was used to perform the actual encoding by modifying frequency amplitudes according to the value of the tag bits and the estimates provided by the neural network, using eight-neighbor patterns.
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