Social learning is defined here as the imitation of behaviors exhibited by other members of a population. In a population of humans, we might be talking about memes, or more broadly, culture. The authors mention animal examples such as the way birds learn their songs, and more abstruse examples such as the spread of enzymes in a host population via contagion through symbiotic bacteria. The common thread is the relationship between host fitness for survival and a non-genetic process for acquiring a relevant attribute.
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