Quality of Raw Materials - The Fibres

摘要

Textile wastewater contains substantial pollution loads in terms of COD, BOD, TDS,.TSS, and heavy metals. The values for these parameters are very high as com-pared to the values set up by the Environmental Quality Standards. The characterisation of textile wastewater is a pre requisite for the selection of various treatment options. Also, increase in literacy and the WTO implication has made environment an important issue in all the industrial sectors and the textile sector, as a major exporter, has to comply with. The textile industry includes a variety of processes that start from the cultivation and procurement of natural fibres or the manufacture of synthetic fibres. Once a fibre type is decided from the ultimate end use point of view, the further stages such as fabric production, wet processing sequences and parameters, the garment fashion, etc. are given a thought. Thus, the first step in the creation of a textile product is the selection of fibre types and their manipulation into useful fibres. Afterwards, the fibres are turned into yarn by spinning or texturing. The wet processes like Pretreatments, Colouration and Finishing may be carried out on yarn or on the textile product obtained through knitting, weaving or non-woven techniques. The last step is the fabrication of a finished product.