Invited PaperNATIONWIDE FIELD SURVEY OF THE 2011 OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI

摘要

An earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, on March 11, 2011. Itngenerated a tsunami 130 km off the northern coast of Japan. The tsunami first reached the Japan mainlandn20 min after the earthquake and attacked over 1,300 km along the Pacific coast, inundating over 400 km2ofnland. As of 14 July, estimated fatalities were 16,011 with additional 5,242 missing. This tsunami was thenfirst case that the modern and well-developed tsunami countermeasures faced such an extreme event.nA nationwide tsunami survey has been conducted by joint research groups of 299 researchers among 64ndifferent universities/institutes. Inundation heights and run-up heights measured at 5,247 points in total. Onnthe Sendai plain, the maximum inundation height was 19.5 m, and the tsunami propagated as a bore morenthan 5 km inland. Along the ria coast, about 50-200 km to the north of Sendai, the narrow bays causednfocusing tsunami and generated the largest inundation heights and run-ups. The maximum run-up heightnmeasured 40.4 m, resulting in the catastrophic destruction of towns and cities.