Steady-State Spatial Solitons in Low - Amplitude Regime in Biased Photorefractive - Photovoltaic Crystals

摘要

A theory of the space - charge field is improved in biased photorefractive - phorovoltaic crystals. Stready-state spatial solitons are obtained in the low - amplitude regime in biased photorefractive - photovoltaic crystals. When photvoltaic effect is neglected, these solitons are screening solitons, and their space - charge field is the space - charge field of screening solitons. When the external field is absent, these solitons are photovoltaic solitons for the closed or the open circuit and we also predict that gray solitons exist in photorefractive - photovoltaic crystals, and their space - charge field is the space - charge field of photovoltaic solitons.