4-Chlorophenol degradation using ultrasound/peroxymonosulfate/ nanoscale zero valent iron: Reusability, identification of degradation intermediates and potential application for real wastewater

摘要

In this study, nanoscale-zero valent iron (nZVI) was synthesized and its function was assessed in ultrasound (US)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS)ZVI process to degrade 4-chlorphenol (4-CP). The influential operation parameters of US/PMSZVI were evaluated on 4-CP degradation. 95% of 4-CP was degraded during 30 min under the conditions of pH = 3.0, nZVI = 0.4 g/L, PMS = 1.25 mM, US power = 200 W. The rate constants of 4-CP degradation for US/PMSZVI, PMSZVI, US/PMS and USZVI were 0.1159, 0.03, 0.0134 and 0.0088 min(-1) respectively. Simultaneous application of US and nZVI synergistically increased 4-CP degradation and PMS activation. nZVI was compared with Fe2+, Fe3+ and micro-ZVI and their results indicated high performance of nZVI compared to others. Reusability of nZVI was examined in four cycles. nZVI exhibited that reusability was acceptable in three runs. The results of effect of anions showed that phosphate had significant inhibitory effect on 4-CP degradation in US/PMSZVI process. The scavenging experiments indicated that hydroxyl radical had more contribution compared to sulfate radical. Intermediates of 4-CP degradation were identified including five aromatic compounds. Reaction pathway of 4-CP degradation was proposed. Finally, the performance of US/PMSZVI process was evaluated on real petrochemical wastewater. The results showed that US/PMSZVI can be a suitable pretreatment for biological treatment. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.