Doped Li-Mn spinels: physical/chemical characteristics and electrochemical performance in Li batteries

摘要

Several doped sopinel-type Li-Mn oxides of formula Li_1+xM_yMn_2_(x+y)O_4+z, where Mn is partly replaced by Li, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Ga, Al, B, or Ti, were prepared by a solid-state reaction at 730 deg C. These spinels were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, slow step voltammetry, and galvanostatic cycling at medium-high rates. Even substitutional levels as low as 0.05 atom/formula unit produce structural effects that are reflected in the electrochemical characteristics.