AVOIDING EMERGENCIES AND CATASTROPHES DUE TO LEAKS OF OIL, GAS, WATER, AND INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS FROM PIPELINES

摘要

Russia occupies second place after the USA as regards the length of its underground pipes for transporting oil, gas, water, and industrial effluents. However, these transportation pipelines have to 50-70% reached the end of their working lives. Specialists at Russian ministries consider that accident levels on pipelines are increasing with every year. Leaks from pipelines produce vast losses and ecological damage. Every year in Russia there are not less than 20 thousand spills of oil from pipelines. As a result of this oil pollution, the oil product concentrations in the waters of some densely populated cities are 9-15 times the maximum permissible levels. Extreme pollution of the soil with oil products is 150-200 times the background values, and tens of thousands of hectares are partially or completely ruled out for economic use.