Efficient copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides with aqueous ammonia

摘要

The copper(r)-catalyzed synthesis of a range of primary anilines from electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl halides including aryl chlorides has been achieved with aqueous ammonia, avoiding the need for inert atmosphere, expensive catalysts and ligands, anhydrous solvents, and additional base or other additives.rnTransition metal-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen bond formation with aryl halides and aliphatic or aromatic amines has undergone a vigorous development in recent years. This transformation has received increasing attention because it provides access to important subunits and precursors of natural products, agrochemicals, dyes, polymers, and pharmaceuticals. Several convenient and generally applicable palladium and copper-catalyzed methods producing secondary or tertiary aniline derivatives from a wide range of substrates have been reported to date.