ПОЭТАПНАЯ ДОВОДКА КАМЕРЫ СГОРАНИЯ ГАЗОТУРБИННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ, РАБОТАЮЩЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ФОРСИРОВАНИЯ СКОРОСТИ ВОЗДУХА НА ВЫХОДЕ ИЗ КОМПРЕССОРА

摘要

Development of new up-to-date actuating gas turbine engines based on fourth generation aircraft engines requires certain time consuming. Thus, one of the ways to series-production engines' parameters improving consists in their upgrading and forcing. A fifth series-production NK-16-18ST engine was developed hereupon at SC KMPO. Its more productive high-pressure compressor allowed ensure higher flow velocity (about 170 m/s) at the combustion chamber inlet. Combustion organization and provision of optimal level of toxic agents' emission in engines of such kind is hindered due to high-pressure parameters of the airflow. Such situation led to the necessity for carrying out research and design effort consisting in altering structures of burner and flame tube with redistribution of air vents along its length. The approach, used in the above said structure lies in forming the «reach» mixture in combustion chamber primary zone with its subsequent sharp weakening to ensure "poor" content, which allows maintain low level of nitrogen oxides. Testing of this chamber together with the engine confirmed that the selected approach allows reduce nitrogen oxide content in combustion products. However, it requires a number of measures related to the structure changes to achieve the desired level of noxious substances emission. To increase penetration depth of a jet into combustion zone the chamber was upgraded by cylindrical hubs installation in the first row of vents. This measure allowed reduce concentration of oxide nitrogen emission in the engine's exhaust gases, but it was not enough to ensure the level, required by regulations. Having in mind, that residence time reduction of gas in high-temperature zone decreases oxide nitrogen formation, in the framework of the last version, measures were introduced to increase fuel mixture flow velocity from atomizers, mounted on the flame tube head. The atomizers have elongated nozzles and less diameter. Such configuration allowed ensure noxious substances emission in combustion products at the level complied with the State Standard requirements (GOST 28775-90).%Рассматриваются особенности конструкции и организации процессов в серийной камере сгорания для форсированной газотурбинной установки (ГТУ) НК-16-18СТ. Раскрыты особенности форсирования двигателя и показано влияние увеличения скорости на входе в камеру сгорания на выбросы вредных загрязняющих веществ. Показаны особенности экологической модернизации камеры сгорания, и выполнены этапы ее доводки, которые включили в себя перераспределение отверстий по длине жаровой трубы, организацию локального дозированного вдува и оптимизацию форсунки жаровой трубы.