Patterns of Formation of Island Fauna of Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) at the Northern Forest Boundary in the Region of Pleistocene Continental Glaciation (by the Example of White Sea Islands)

摘要

Patterns of formation of island butterfly fauna at the northern forest boundary in the region of Valdai inland ice were analyzed by the example of White Sea islands. The ecotone effect, typical for northernmost taiga and forest-tundra and introducing the transitional butterfly fauna in near-tundra forest between the boreal and hypoarctic zones, was not observed on the White Sea islands. Island isolation provided for the absence of some Arctic species, entering near-tundra forest from the North, in the island fauna. Island butterfly faunas represent poor variants of the northern taiga fauna lacking some polyzonal and temperate species and having a reduced set of Arctic boreal species.