Millions of tourists visit India's world-famous Taj Mahal every year. Built more than 350 years ago by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, the Unesco World Heritage Site symbolises India, and its adjacent identical mosques provide a grand example of Islamic design and creativity. In 1947, the partition of British India was instituted on the basis of religious demographics, with the creation of the sovereign states of India and Pakistan, both of which had significant Muslim populations. In the 21st century, the Muslim population of India has reached some 150 million, or 13.5% of the country's population, giving the country the third largest population of Muslims in the world, after Indonesia and Pakistan.
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