Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ocean-going Ships: Impacts, Mitigation Options and Opportunities for Managing Growth International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)

摘要

In a world of global supply chains and rapidly expanding trade, ocean shipping — currently the dominant mode of transport for international cargo - is becoming an increasingly important source of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Today, ocean-going vessels transport 90 per cent of all trade by volume to and from the 25 members of the European Community (EC), and nearly 80 per cent by weight of all goods shipped in and out of the United States (EC 2006, US DOT 2003). Over the last three decades activity in the marine shipping sector, as measured in metric ton-kilometres, has grown on average by five per cent every year, as shown in Figure ES-1.