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首页> 外文期刊>The Astrophysical journal >EARLY EVOLUTION OF STELLAR GROUPS AND CLUSTERS: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FORMING PLANETARY SYSTEMS
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EARLY EVOLUTION OF STELLAR GROUPS AND CLUSTERS: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FORMING PLANETARY SYSTEMS

机译:星群和团簇的早期演变:对行星系统形成的环境影响

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摘要

This paper studies the dynamical evolution of young groups/clusters, with N = 100-1000 members, from their embedded stage out to ages of ~10 Myr. We use N-body simulations to explore how their evolution depends on the system size N and the initial conditions. Motivated by recent observations suggesting that stellar groups begin their evolution with subvirial speeds, this study compares subvirial starting states with virial starting states. Multiple realizations of equivalent cases (100 simulations per initial condition) are used to build up a robust statistical description of these systems, e.g., the probability distribution of closest approaches, the mass profiles, and the probability distribution for the radial location of cluster members. These results provide a framework from which to assess the effects of groups/clusters on the processes of star and planet formation and to study cluster evolution. The distributions of radial positions are used in conjunction with the probability distributions of the expected far-ultraviolet (FUV) luminosities (calculated here as a function of cluster size N) to determine the radiation exposure of circum-stellar disks. The distributions of closest approaches are used in conjunction with scattering cross sections (calculated here as a function of stellar mass using ~10~5 Monte Carlo scattering experiments) to determine the probability of disruption for newly formed solar systems. We use the nearby cluster NGC 1333 as a test case in this investigation. The main conclusion of this study is that clusters in this size range have only a mqdest effect on forming planetary systems. The interaction rates are low, so that the typical solar system experiences a single encounter with closest approach distance b ~ 1000 AU. The radiation exposure is also low, with median FUV flux G_0 ~ 900 (1.4 ergs s~(-1) cm~(-2)), so that photoevaporation of circumstellar disks is only important beyond 30 AU. Given the low interaction rates and modest radiation levels, we suggest that solar system disruption is a rare event in these clusters.
机译:本文研究了N = 100-1000的年轻群体/群体从嵌入阶段到10 Myr年龄的动态演变。我们使用N体模拟来探索其演化如何取决于系统大小N和初始条件。根据最近的观察结果表明,恒星群以亚病毒速度开始进化,这项研究将亚病毒起始状态与病毒起始状态进行了比较。使用等效方案的多个实现(每个初始条件100个模拟)来构建这些系统的可靠统计描述,例如最接近方法的概率分布,质量分布以及群集成员径向位置的概率分布。这些结果提供了一个评估星团/团簇对恒星和行星形成过程的影响以及研究星团演化的框架。径向位置的分布与预期的远紫外(FUV)光度的概率分布(在此根据簇大小N的函数计算)结合使用,以确定外星盘的辐射暴露。最近的方法的分布与散射截面一起使用(这里是使用〜10〜5蒙特卡罗散射实验计算的恒星质量的函数)来确定新形成的太阳系破坏的可能性。在本次调查中,我们使用附近的星团NGC 1333作为测试案例。这项研究的主要结论是,在这个大小范围内的星团对形成行星系统的影响最大。相互作用速率很低,因此典型的太阳系会以最接近的进近距离b〜1000 AU进行一次相遇。辐射暴露也很低,中值FUV通量为G_0〜900(1.4 ergs s〜(-1)cm〜(-2)),因此,仅在30 AU以上时,星际盘的光蒸发才很重要。考虑到低的相互作用速率和适度的辐射水平,我们建议在这些星团中很少发生太阳系破坏的事件。

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