Universal Transparency:A Goal for the U.S. at the 2012 Nuclear Security Summit

摘要

Global quantitative transparency of nuclear arsenals and fissile materials (universal transparency)1 is an indispensable complement to arms reduction treaties. It is a necessary element in creating a path to disarmament that can be traveled by all nuclear-weapon states. For the purposes of this article, that category includes the five countries that have nuclear weapons and are parties to the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)-China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States-as well as four states that are outside the NPT framework and have or are widely presumed to have nuclear weapons: India, Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea. The first three have never been part of the NPT. North Korea joined the NPT, but has declared its withdrawal.