Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines with Different Airfoil Maximum Thicknesses Through Computational Fluid Dynamics

摘要

The aerodynamic characteristics of Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are affected by several geometrical parameters.Airfoil shape is one of the important factors which have not been received enough attention in the past, compared toother parameters such as solidity, number of blades, chord length, rotor diameter, pitch angle and aspect ratio. In this paper,four airfoils with varying maximum thickness (12%, 15%, 18% and 21%) are investigated by calculating the aerodynamiccharacteristics of Darrieus VAWTs using computational fluid dynamics technology. The power and torque characteristics,as well as their flow field characteristics, are analyzed. The results indicate that the power coefficient follows a trend ofCP_(_NACA 0018) > CP_(_NACA 0015) > CP_(_NACA 0021) > CP_(_NACA 0012) below an optimum TSR, while it increases with the decrease inairfoil maximum thickness beyond the optimum TSR. The optimum TSR and operational zone also increase with the decreasein airfoil maximum thickness. An optimized airfoil thickness is determined to be between 15 and 18% for a relatively highpower coefficient and appropriate optimum TSR, as well as a wider operational zone and a high efficiency band. Moreover,the airfoil maximum thickness influences the strength and region of the vorticity, as well as the interactions between bladesand shed vortex, being the main reason for the observed differences in instantaneous torque coefficient. The vorticity ofNACA 0015 model is weaker and smaller than that of NACA 0021 model when TSR is 2.0.