Obésité et modernité : l'émergence de nouveaux stimuli nous amène-t-elle à redéfinir la notion de sédentarité?

摘要

The globalization of markets is exerting increased pressure on the performance, productivity, and profitability ofnbusinesses. This new reality translates into, among other things, an increase in knowledge-based work and a decrease innthe amount of time spent in bed. Furthermore, physical activity can be rightly considered as a way of life that has unfortunatelynbeen abandoned and that must be, at a minimum, reintegrated into everyday activities. In fact, physical activitynleads to bodily stimulation that has a significant effect on energy balance and promotes its effective regulation. Conversely,nmental work and sleep deprivation have the potential to promote excess weight. The results presented in this thesisndemonstrate that sleep deprivation is a predictor of excess weight and long-term weight gain, and is linked to type 2 diabetesnin adults. Moreover, we have observed that mental work destabilizes hormonal homeostasis and can be considered as anstimulus to hyperphagic properties; sleep deprivation and knowledge-based work, two realities of the modern world, givenrise to many questions concerning our understanding of the etiology of obesity. Indeed, their specific biological characteristicsnprompt us not only to redefine the notion of sedentariness, but also to reconsider our societal values in a contextnwhere monetary matters take precedence over health. In addition, our research has shown that weight loss exceeding 10%nof one’s initial weight can have a negative effect on mental health, thus complicating the management of obesity. In light of this doctoral research, it appears obvious that obesity is a complex condition due to its multifaceted nature, which complicatesnits prevention and treatment. Moreover, the notion of ‘‘balance’’ seems to be one of the keys to success, while anpreponderance of obesogenic factors characterizes individuals’ daily lives, thus altering the proper regulation of energy balance.nThis new reality may also be making an increase in body fat necessary to the maintenance of psychobiological homeostasis,ngiven that an increase in body fat can restore a hormonal balance that has become destabilized by modern-daynstimuli.