Energy and Environmental Policies of the Developed and Developing Countries within the Evolving Oceania and South-East Asia Trading Bloc

摘要

The considered countries are categorised on the bases of their levels of economic development and indigenous energy resources, e.g. being either 1 advanced industrialised, and either energy rich (e.g. Australia) or energy poor (e.g. Singapore); or 2 developing, and either energy rich (e.g. Indonesia) or energy poor (e.g. the Philippines). For each country, its energy balance (including considerations of resources, rate of consumption, fuels-demand split as well as the degree of national self-sufficiency with respect to each fuel) is related to the rate of economic development of the nation state. This paper explores the growing interdependency between developed and developing countries that are (ⅰ) within an evolving trading bloc and (ii) are energy rich or energy poor.