Integrating flexible demand response toward available transfer capability enhancement

摘要

Available transfer capability (ATC) has been widely adopted as a crucial measure to guarantee free and reliable power trading. The existing literature generally evaluates the ATC of a power grid considering inelastic load. However, the impacts of responsive load have not yet been systematically explored, which underestimates the ability of demand side resources in ATC enhancement. Therefore, we propose a two-stage ATC evaluation framework in this paper integrating flexible demand response (FDR). In the first stage, i.e., a day-ahead market, a demand side bidding scheme is developed in which electricity users can make flexible choices to participate in demand response (DR) programs according to their preferences. In this paper, FDR is categorized into three typical patterns: (i) deferrable DR, (ii) switchable DR and (iii) adjustable DR. The objective is to minimize the total generation and dispatch costs, while respecting the constraints for FDR, the minimal accommodation of renewable energy, the inter-area power trading, etc. Then based on generation and demand side bidding, a day-ahead unit commitment model is formulated to schedule thermal generators, interchange power and FDR. In the second stage, a real-time ATC evaluation model based on the aforementioned unit commitment results is proposed to quantify the contributions of FDR on ATC enhancement. Case studies based on IEEE 14-bus system and a provincial power grid in China demonstrate that FDR can effectively improve real-time ATC by load shifting and peak shaving, and facilitate the accommodation of renewable energy.