Water hammer and other pipe transient flow problems

摘要

Hammering and unsteady flow in piping systems is a common occurrence and often results in minor or major damage. Normal piping design techniques will often fail to predict situation which will lead to the problem, and its proper diagnosis and cure in an operating plant can sometimes be difficult. Although in common usage any form of 'banging' or 'jumping' in pipework during transient conditions is referred to as 'water hammer' this term should strictly only be applied to problems related to the too rapid closing of a valve downstream of a flowing column of liquid, or pump starting or stopping upstream. There are at least five phenomena that can 1.1 Column separation 1.2 Bore flow into an empty pipe. 1.3 Mass oscillation. 1.4 Column separation 1.5 Bore flow into an empty pipe.