Goal-directed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Patients in Intensive Care Units

摘要

The fundamental elements of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-combining closed-chest cardiac massage and defibrillation-were first described and then promoted in guidelines during the 1950s and 1960s. Subsequent recommendations have focused on improving the delivery of effective CPR, for example optimizing the depth and rate of compressions, minimizing interruptions of chest compressions, and avoiding hyperventilation. The impact has been transformative: modern CPR has improved survival rates after cardiac arrest, has become a mandatory element of clinical training, and is now provided by default to all in-hospital cardiac arrest cases unless there exist explicit directives to withhold it.