The accurate bombing of targets has always been prized by military commanders, initially to maximise the limited effect of bombs dropped by aircraft, and later to avoid what is euphemistically called collateral damage. In the 1930s, high-altitude bombing seemed likely to avoid defences, and thus accurate aiming from more than 20,000ft became a requirement.A bomb dropped from 20,000ft must be released approximately two-and-a-half miles before reaching the target. Although the theoretical path and destination of the bomb were calculable, the speed and path of the aircraft significantly affected the drop; an aircraft banking, or in a turn, or with crossed controls compromised simple 'iron' sights. Furthermore, differing wind speeds and directions between the aircraft - itself also subject to drift - and the target would influence the path of the bomb. Other factors included humidity, gravity variations and, crucially, whether the target was in motion, such as a ship or a tank formation.
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