Salt-Mediated Polyampholyte Hydrogels with High Mechanical Strength, Excellent Self-Healing Property, and Satisfactory Electrical Conductivity

摘要

In this work, self-healing polyampholyte hydrogels with high mechanical strength in megapascal order, good resilience, improved toughness, and satisfactory conductivity are fabricated via one-step polymerization of positively charged imidazolium-based ionic liquid monomers containing urea groups and negatively charged 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt monomers followed by subsequent dialysis in water. Dialysis can remove partial counter ions in the original hydrogels to strengthen electrostatic interactions between imidazolium and sulfonate groups and improve mechanical strength of the hydrogels. After dialysis for 3 d, the originally soft hydrogels become mechanically robust with a tensile strength of approximate to 1.3 MPa, strain at break of approximate to 720%, and toughness of approximate to 6.7 MJ m(-3). Hydrogen-bonding interactions between urea groups, which act as sacrificial bonds to dissipate energy, are important to improve the mechanical strength and toughness of the hydrogels. More importantly, the hydrogel can automatically heal from physical cut at room temperature with a healing efficiency of approximate to 91% because of the reversibility of the electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Because of the undialyzed salts in the hydrogels, the mechanically robust hydrogels possess a satisfactory ionic conductivity of approximate to 3 S m(-1) at room temperature and can serve as highly flexible and stretchable conductors with self-healing capacity.