Thermally Durable Lithium-Ion Capacitors with High Energy Density from All Hydroxyapatite Nanowire-Enabled Fire-Resistant Electrodes and Separators

摘要

The reliability and durability of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are severely hindered by the kinetic imbalance between capacitive and Faradaic electrodes. Efficient charge storage in LICs is still a huge challenge, particularly for thick electrodes with high mass loading, fast charge delivery, and harsh working conditions. Here, a unique thermally durable, stable LIC with high energy density from all-inorganic hydroxyapatite nanowire (HAP NW)-enabled electrodes and separators is reported. Namely, the LIC device is designed and constructed with the electron/ion dual highly conductive and fire-resistant composite Li4Ti5O12-based anode and activated carbon-based cathode, together with a thermal-tolerant HAP NW separator. Despite the thick-electrode configuration, the as-fabricated all HAP NW-enabled LIC exhibits much enhanced electrochemical kinetics and performance, especially at high current rates and temperatures. Long cycling lifetime and state-of-the-art areal energy density (1.58 mWh cm(-2)) at a high mass loading of 30 mg cm(-2) are achieved. Benefiting from the excellent fire resistance of HAP NWs, such an unusual LIC exhibits high thermal durability and can work over a wide range of temperatures from room temperature to 150 degrees C. Taking full advantage of synergistic configuration design, this work sets the stage for designing advanced LICs beyond the research of active materials.