High-Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Precise Control of Electron Transport Layer

摘要

Flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) have attracted great attention due to their promising commercial prospects. However, the performance of f-PSCs is generally worse than that of their rigid counterparts. Herein, it is found that the unsatisfactory performance of planar heterojunction (PHJ) f-PSCs can be attributed to the undesirable morphology of electron transport layer (ETL), which results from the rough surface of the flexible substrate. Precise control over the thickness and morphology of ETL tin dioxide (SnO2) not only reduces the reflectance of the indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate (PEN) substrate and enhances photon collection, but also decreases the trap-state densities of perovskite films and the charge transfer resistance, leading to a great enhancement of device performance. Consequently, the f-PSCs, with a structure of PEN/ITO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 19.51% and a steady output of 19.01%. Furthermore, the f-PSCs show a robust bending resistance and maintain about 95% of initial PCE after 6000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 8 mm, and they present an outstanding long-term stability and retain about 90% of the initial performance after >1000 h storage in air (10% relative humidity) without encapsulation.