THE FLUCTUATIONS OF DRY AND WET CLIMATE BOUNDARY AND ITS CAUSAL ANALYSES IN CHINA

摘要

Based on yearly precipitation and Φ20 evaporation pan data during 1951 to 1999 of 295 stations, the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the climatic regions in China are divided into three types: the arid zone, the semi-arid zone and the humid zone. Isoline 0. 20 is the boundary between arid and semi-arid zones. Isoline 0. 50 is the boundary between semi-arid and humid zones. The fluctuations of dry and wet climate boundaries are very substantial, have greatly regional difference, and have the features of the whole shifting along the same direction and of the opposite moving along the contrary direction over the past 50 years. The semi-arid zone is a transitional zone between humid and arid zones, a border belt of monsoon, and a susceptible zone of environmental evolution in China. In the period of the late 1960s to the early 1970s, remarkable change had occurred for dry and wet climate in China. It manifests significantly that climate is from wetter into drought in most regions of northern China. Moreover, drought has an increasing trend. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the dry and wet variations in climate have substantial inter-decadal features. The main factors affecting the dry and wet climate boundary fluctuations and the dry and wet variations of climate in China are East Asian summer monsoon, Indian Monsoon, plateau monsoon in the Tibetan Plateau, westerly circulation, and West Pacific subtropical high. The different types of circulations and the strong and weak combinations of these circulations result in the regional differences of dry and wet climate changes in China. Inter-decadal variations of the dry and wet climate boundary fluctuations and of the arid and humid climate result from the inter-decadal changes of East Asian summer monsoon, Indian Monsoon, plateau monsoon, westerly circulation, and West Pacific subtropical high. The anomalous general atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere during the late 1960s to the early 1970s is the causes of arid and humid climate remarkable change in China.