Recovery of the failing heart: emerging approaches and mechanisms in excitation-contraction coupling

摘要

Heart failure (HF) is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality globally. All clinical therapies that reduce mortality have been shown to induce reverse remodeling. In this article, we discuss a conceptual approach to the evolving treatment of HF using emerging treatment modalities for the drug-refractory patient. This approach is based on the combinatorial, integrated application of therapies shown to influence reverse remodeling in the laboratory.