Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of ArsenicUsing Electrogenerated Nanotextured Gold Assemblage

摘要

Arsenic is considered as a toxic heavy metal which is highly detrimental to ecological systems, and long-term exposure to it is highly dangerous to life as it can cause serious health effects. Timely detection of traces of active arsenic (As³⁺) is very crucial, and the development of simple, cost-effective methods is imperative to address the presence of arsenic in water and food chain. Herein, we present an extensive study on chemical-free electrogenerated nanotextured gold assemblage for the detection of ultralow levels of As³⁺ in water up to 0.08 ppb concentration. The gold nanotextured electrode (Au/GNE) is developed on simple Au foil via electrochemical oxidation–reduction sweeps in a metal-ion-free electrolyte solution. The ultrafine nanoscale morphological attributes of Au/GNE substrate are studied by scanning electron microscopy. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) response for different concentrations of arsenites is determined and directly correlated with As³⁺ detection regarding the type of electrolyte solution, deposition potential, and deposition time. The average of three standard curves are linear from 0.1 ppb up to9 ppb (n = 15) with a linear regression coefficient R² = 0.9932. Under optimized conditions, a superiorsensitivity of 39.54 μA ppb^–1 cm^–2 is observed with a lower detection limit of 0.1 ppb (1.3 nM) (basedon the visual analysis of calibration curve) and 0.08 ppb (1.06 nM)(based on the standard deviation of linear regression). Furthermore,the electrochemical Au/GNE is also applicable for arsenic detectionin a complex system containing Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, and other ions for theselective and sensitive analysis. Au/GNE substrate also possessesremarkable reproducibility and high stability for arsenic detectionduring repeated analysis and thus can be employed for prolonged applicationsand reiterating analyses. This electrochemically generated nanotexturedelectrode is also applicable for As³⁺ detection and analysisin a real water sample under optimized conditions. Therefore, fabricationconditions and analytical and electroanalytical performances justifythat because of its low cost, easy preparation method and assembly,high reproducibility, and robustness, nanosensor Au/GNE can be scaledup for further applications.