Facile Synthesis of Uniform Virus-like MesoporousSilica Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cellular Internalization

摘要

The low-efficiency cellular uptake property of current nanoparticles greatly restricts their application in the biomedical field. Herein, we demonstrate that novel virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles can easily be synthesized, showing greatly superior cellular uptake property. The unique virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a spiky tubular rough surface have been successfully synthesized via a novel single-micelle epitaxial growth approach in a low-concentration-surfactant oil/water biphase system. The virus-like nanoparticles’ rough surface morphology results mainly from the mesoporous silica nanotubes spontaneously grown via an epitaxial growth process. The obtained nanoparticles show uniform particle size and excellent monodispersity. The structural parameters of the nanoparticles can be well tuned with controllable core diameter (∼60–160 nm), tubular length (∼6–70 nm), and outer diameter (∼6–10 nm). Thanks to the biomimetic morphology, the virus-like nanoparticles show greatly superior cellular uptake property (invading living cellsin large quantities within few minutes, <5 min), unique internalizationpathways, and extended blood circulation duration (t1/2 = 2.16 h), which is much longer than that of conventionalmesoporous silica nanoparticles (0.45 h). Furthermore, our epitaxialgrowth strategy can be applied to fabricate various virus-like mesoporouscore–shell structures, paving the way toward designed synthesisof virus-like nanocomposites for biomedicine applications.