Effect of Deer Antler Extract on Muscle Differentiation and5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleoside (AICAR)-Induced Muscle Atrophy inC2C12 Cells

摘要

The effect of deer antler extract on muscle differentiation and muscle atrophywere evaluated to minimize muscle loss following aging. Various deer antlerextracts (HWE, hot water extract of deer antler; FE, HWE of fermented deerantler; ET, enzyme-assisted extract of deer antler; UE, extract prepared byultrasonication of deer antler) were evaluated for their effect on muscledifferentiation and inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside(AICAR)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells. Morphological changes accordingto the effect of antler extracts on muscle differentiation were confirmed byJenner-Giemsa staining. In addition, the expression levels of genes related tomuscle differentiation and atrophy were confirmed through qRT-PCR. In thepresence of antler extracts, the length and thickness of myotubes and myogenindifferentiation 1 (MyoD1) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) gene expression wereincreased compared to those in the control group (CON). Gene expression ofAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MyoD1, and myogenin, along with the muscleatrophy factors muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) uponaddition of deer antler extracts to muscle-atrophied C2C12 cells was determinedby qRT-PCR after treatment with AICAR. The expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3adecreased in the groups treated with antler extracts compared to that in thegroup treated with AICAR alone. In addition, gene expression of MyoD1 andmyogenin in the muscle atrophy cell model was significantly increased comparedthat into the CON. Therefore, our findings indicate that antler extract canincrease the expression of MyoD1, Myf5 and myogenin, inhibit muscle atrophy, andpromote muscle differentiation.