The Leaf Extracts of Toona sinensis and FermentedCulture Broths of Antrodia camphorata Synergistically CauseApoptotic Cell Death in Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

摘要

Toona sinensis is a common edible vegetable that is used incertain Chinese dishes and has importance in folk medicine. The leaf extracts ofT sinensis possess and exhibit anticancer efficacy againstvarious cancer cell types. In Taiwanese folklore, Antrodiacamphorata, also known as “Niu-Cheng-Zi,” is used in traditionalmedicine to treat various illnesses. Its fruit and mycelium possess variouspotent antiproliferative properties. Two studies from our group have reportedthat T sinensis or A camphorata has theability to cause apoptosis in various cancer cells. Conversely, underlyingmolecular mechanisms and any beneficial effects remain unknown. This study showsanticancer efficacy for both T sinensis and Acamphorata co-treatments that target HL-60 cells. The combinationindex values indicate that 40 µg/mL of T sinensis and 25 µg/mLof A camphorata as a combined treatment shows a synergeticeffect, which reduces HL-60 cell proliferation. Alternately, this treatmentexhibited no cytotoxic effects for human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Western blot data showed that T sinensis and Acamphorata as a combined treatment result in augmented expressionof apoptosis, cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 inhibition, expression of Bax, Fas,and FasL, as well as the cleavage of Bid in HL-60 cells. Moreover, this combinedtreatment overshadowed monotherapy in its ability to inhibit uPAR, MMP-9, MMP-2,COX-2 expression, and PGE2 secretions. Our study strongly impliesthat this combined treatment offers more beneficial effects to suppress andtreat leukemia due to apoptosis-mediated cell inhibition. Further invivo studies related to the combined treatment could establish itsfuture potential.