Transaortic pulmonary vein isolation in the presence of situs inversus and total venous anomaly; technical capabilities for 3D reconstruction and considerations of adequate choice of ablation catheters

摘要

Computed tomography image of the (A) left inferior pulmonary vein, (B) left superior pulmonary vein, (C) very small and posterior right inferior pulmonary vein, (D) big right superior pulmonary vein with cranially entrance in the left atrium. 3D reconstruction of the aorta, inferior vena cava (E, F), left atrium and pulmonary veins anatomy (G) obtained from the pre-interventional CT-Imaging. (H–K) Fluoroscopic anteroposterior images showed mapping catheter in the left ventricle (H), right superior pulmonary vein (I), left superior pulmonary vein (J) and left inferior pulmonary vein (K). (L) and (M) present the 3D reconstruction of the aortic root, the left ventricle, the left atrium and the pulmonary veins.