Ancient DNA of northern China Hystricidae sub-fossils reveals the evolutionary history of old world porcupines in the Late Pleistocene

摘要

Sampling locations of porcupines investigated in this study. a Six global zoogeographic regions indicated by different color shadings; b Geographic distribution of the Hystricidae in Northern China during the Quaternary. The samples in this study are indicated by red triangles. Other Hystricidae fossils are represented by dots in three different colors [5]. Habitats of two extant porcupine species (H. brachyura and A. macrourus) are indicated by different patterns of shading [4]. The base map of global world (chart no. GS (2016)1611) and China (chart no. GS (2019)1694) were downloaded from the National Adminstration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China (http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn)