Nanomaterials that can be reversibly or irreversibly changed in structures and properties by the influence of external chemical and physical stimuli are defined as smart nanomaterials. External chemical and physical stimuli can include pH, temperature, moisture, force, electric fields, and magnetic fields. Smart nanomaterials have been used for environmental remediation, energy generation, 3D printing, smart textiles, self-healing, and healthcare. Since oily wastewater, wastewater, and polluted air result in serious health and environmental problems, significant interest has been focused on environmental remediation using smart nanomaterials. The aim of environmental remediation using smart nanomaterials is to remove contaminants from environmental media such as groundwater, surface water, sea water soil, or air.
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