Predicting the start of calving in Japanese Black cattle using camera image analysis

摘要

This study assessed the feasibility of using camera image analysis to detect behavioral changes as an indicator of the onset of calving in Japanese Blackcattle. Thirty-five pregnant cattle individually housed in pens were used and were continuously monitored using a digital camera system. For the automaticdetermination of the x and y coordinates of a cow, trajectory analysis was conducted using thermal image and analysis software, and the distances moved werecalculated using coordinate data. Further, the frequency of postural changes and the time spent tail raising per hour were measured for 14 cows using visibleimages. The measurement data were used to calculate hourly data for 12 h prior to amniorrhexis (first rupture of the allantoic sac). The hourly distances movedtended to increase at the time of amniorrhexis, with significantly longer distances measured 3–0 h before amniorrhexis than those at 12–8 h before amniorrhexis(P < 0.05). In all cows, amniorrhexis occurred within 11 h of hourly distances moved by more than 50% compared with distance moved the previous hour. Theoverall average elapsed time before amniorrhexis was 9 h 30 min (range: 5–11 h). Tail raising time and the frequency of postural changes significantly increasedat 1–0 h and 2–0 h before amniorrhexis, respectively. This suggests that predicting the time of calving is possible by measuring the activity of Japanese Blackcows during late pregnancy using camera image analysis as a non-invasive technique.