Ecological plasticity governs ecosystem services in multilayer networks

摘要

a The ‘composite network’ encompassing all species and their interactions across all the multilayer networks from all sites used in this study. Carabid (black circles), weed (green circles) and gastropod mollusc (red circles) species nodes are sized proportionally to their rank of how often they were found across all networks. Link colour indicates the herbivore (green) and carnivore (red) layers, with the colour intensity and thickness being proportional to the strength of the interaction across all networks. b Example networks selected to show the trade-off between the number of links to the weeds and to the gastropods. The images of the beetle, weed seeds and molluscs are reproduced under the standard royalty free licence of 123rf.com (vectorgalaxy © 123RF.com; Patrick Guenette © 123RF.com; yod67 © 123RF.com; Autt Khamkhaunchan © 123RF.com).