Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador

摘要

Positivity of Leptospira in river water. a. Eight river water samples (bars) were collected at each time point. Grey portion of bars represent no detection, green represents samples with saprophytic species and red represents samples where infectious species were detected. Monthly precipitation (mm) in Manabí province (blue) is overlaid on this timeline. b. Partial regression plots (also known as added-variable plots) for the partial effects of environmental covariates on Leptospira presence in river water. Note that sample positivity is represented by partial residuals. Precipitation, river depth, and pH all had statistically significant effects (Table 1). See S5 Table for the median values of dissolved oxygen, river depth, temperature, and pH