Hirayama disease, also known as monomelic amyotrophy or juvenile muscular atrophy of the upper extremity, is a rare neurologic condition that involves the inferior motor neurons and commonly affects the C7 to T1 spinal nerves and their myotomes. Hirayama first described this type of cervical myelopathy in 1959, stating that it was clinically differentiated from the other known types of motor neuron disease.
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