CD47 targeted near-infrared photo-immunotherapy: a promising tool combining monoclonal antibodies and photodynamics for treating human bladder cancer

摘要

New technologies are of interest today in diagnosing and treating bladder cancer. Photodynamic diagnosis using violet light after instillation of hexosaminolaevulanic acid (HAL) or 5-aminolaevulanic acid (ALA) has been shown to reduce short term and long term recurrence of bladder cancer according to a systematic review and is now accepted as a diagnostic modality in EAU guidelines ( ). However, photodynamic therapy using HAL was not further developed because of lack of specificity and side effects ( ). In the same field of physical cancer therapies using electromagnetic wave radiation, near-infrared photo-immunotherapy (NIR-PIT) conjugates the use of molecular-targeted therapies where a monoclonal antibody is used as a delivery vehicle to a photo-sensitive “nano-dynamite” that activates cytotoxicity under near-infrared light ( ). In comparison with photodynamic therapy, targeting with a monoclonal antibody increases the specificity of NIR-PIT and decreases local side effects.