Prior cocaine self-administration impairs attention signals in anterior cingulate cortex

摘要

, Schematics of the reward-guided decision-making task, where value from block to block (60 trials per block) was manipulated by altering delay to (short (0.5 s) or long (1–7 s); blocks 1–2) or size of (large (one bolus) or small (two boli); blocks 3–4) liquid sucrose reward. Schematic represents general task structure, block sequence, and odor panel layout. On each trial, rats nose-poked into an odor port to receive one of three odor cues, and then responded in the corresponding fluid well to receive reward. One odor signaled reward in the left well (forced choice), another indicated reward in the right well (forced choice), and a third odor signaled reward at either well (free choice). Odors were counterbalanced. Schematic illustrates trial structure (i.e., houselights to reward delivery) and emphasizes shifts in value that occur during the task that are only cued by receiving unexpectedly the reception of better or worse reward at the start of trial blocks. Average number of active lever presses per day during the 12 days of self-administration, for both cocaine (    7) and control (    11) rats. Location of recording sites verified by histology (Paxinos and Watson). Gray boxes mark the extent of the recording locations.