Virus-induced pathogenesis vaccine development and diagnosis ofnovel H7N9 avian influenza A virus in humans: a systemic literaturereview

摘要

H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) caused human infections in 2013 in China.Phylogenetic analyses indicate that H7N9 AIV is a novel reassortant strain withpandemic potential. We conducted a systemic review regarding virus-inducedpathogenesis, vaccine development, and diagnosis of H7N9 AIV infection inhumans. We followed PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed, Web of Science, andGoogle Scholar to identify relevant articles published between January 2013 andDecember 2018. Pathogenesis data indicated that H7N9 AIV belongs to lowpathogenic avian influenza, which is mostly asymptomatic in avian species;however, H7N9 induces high mortality in humans. Sporadic human infections haverecently been reported, caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virusesdetected in poultry. H7N9 AIVs resistant to adamantine and oseltamivir causesevere human infection by rapidly inducing progressive acute community-acquiredpneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, and cytokine dysregulation; however,mechanisms via which the virus induces severe syndromes remain unclear. An H7N9AIV vaccine is lacking; designs under evaluation include synthesized peptide,baculovirus-insect system, and virus-like particle vaccines. Molecular diagnosisof H7N9 AIVs is suggested over conventional assays, for biosafety reasons.Several advanced or modified diagnostic assays are under investigation anddevelopment. We summarized virus-induced pathogenesis, vaccine development, andcurrent diagnostic assays in H7N9 AIVs.